The Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria - Essay Example The gathering is a main worry for U.S policymakers. Boko Haram’s affirmation that it has organized an Islamic caliphate has worked up universal worries over the insurgents’ energetic climb in Nigeria (Smith, 2014). Policymakers should shun ordering Boko Haram as just another foe in the war against worldwide fear based oppression. In spite of the fact that the group’s exercises are basically nearby, whenever permitted to develop in greatness, the results could be critical for the whole global framework.  The United States government assigned Boko Haram as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under Executive Order (E.O) 13224 on November 14, 2013 (Smith, 2014). These assignments are a critical advance in the complete methodology towards countering the effect of Boko Haram. The Boko Haram disobedience is an express outcome of incessant poor administration from the bureaucratic and state legislatures of Nigeria that has brought about the political underestimation of different districts in Northeast Nigeria (Smith, 2014). The region’s quickening condition of neediness further exacerbates the circumstance. The radical development has founded a few assaults in the northeastern district of Nigeria and has gone similar to hijacking youthful females (Smith, 2014). The Nigerian government, under the initiative of previous President Jonathan Goodluck, gained restricted ground towards taking care of the political circumstance (Smith, 201 4). The United States remains significantly worried about the circumstance. The United States has arrangements set up that bolsters the sharing of data, just as projects planned for providing certifiable options in contrast to social orders in danger of radicalization and psychological oppressor enrollment (Smith, 2014). The United States has the wonderful limit in its military to secure its government assistance around the world.

Do Women Lust Free Essays

Do Women Lust? I believe that all ladies desire in light of the fact that each female has a hormone that comes out when they see a hot person. They start to begin contemplating the person and what he resembles with his garments off. A few ladies even go similarly as telling their companion that’s around them what they would do to the buddy. We will compose a custom exposition test on Do Women Lust or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now A great many people don’t truly acknowledge or notice when a woman long for something. Most females don’t appear there demeanors all over yet within her brain is going crazy about the individual whether it’s a male or another female. Most ladies won’t commonly show that their craving like men attempt to do. Now and then the women eyes can let you know whether they may be yearning or see a man that has grabbed their attention and they will most likely watch them until they leave their sight. Ladies musings are much the same as men since they have their considerations and thoughts of how they can satisfy the person. Ladies know precisely how to turn on a man. They realize how to turn them on by controlling this designed â€Å"quirk† that clears them of the need to really know anything about a lady. This implies the ladies begin acting attractive yet acting far off simultaneously. They do things that they realize will make the man need to perceive what they truly can do once they can take the woman’s garments. The ladies comprehend what they be doing when the beginning prodding the person by gradually removing her garments and a provocative hit the dance floor with it. The ladies know the majority of the occasions that they don’t truly need to have intercourse with the man so she will play with his feelings until she becomes weary of doing that or until she take it excessively far and needs to engage in sexual relations for genuine with him. Step by step instructions to refer to Do Women Lust, Papers

Apple App Store Ways to Increase Your Downloads

Apple App Store Ways to Increase Your Downloads So you have developed the app, which could very well become the next “big thing”, if only more people will take notice of it, download it, and spread the word. You were actually able to get it approved for publication in the Apple App Store. Congratulations. Is your job done?If you are satisfied with the trickling number of downloads, then yes, your job is done. But you firmly believe that your app is the greatest thing to come out in recent years, and you want the number of downloads to hit the six- or seven-digit mark. That means your work is not yet done. In fact, it is actually just beginning. © Shutterstock.com | Lukas GojdaIn this article, you will learn 1) how you get your app listed in the Apple store, 2) why to list your app in the Apple store, and 3) how to increase the downloads for your app.ENTERING THE APPLE APP STOREAt present, there are several app stores where users can readily download and purchase apps for their devices. However, there are two app stores that are considered to be the “giants”, and one of them is the Apple App Store (the other one is Google Play).The Apple App Store is where users can find iOS apps, covering pretty much everything, from games to books, news, sports, travel, photography, sports, health and fitness, food and drink, weather, and social networking, to name a few.App developers that wish to have their apps created, tested and eventually published and distributed in the Apple App Store have to follow a series of steps, outlined briefly below:Sign up for a developer account with Apple through the iOS Dev Center. Signing up is fr ee.Enroll in Apple’s iOS developer program. Enrollment entails an annual fee of US$99, and users will get to choose which developer program to enroll in, and that will largely depend on what type of app you will be developing. The options available include the iOS Developer Program, the Mac Developer Program, and the Safari Developer Program.Upon approval of your enrollment by Apple, you will be able to download Xcode, which is the main development tool for iOS.Develop your app using the various tools provided.Once the app has been developed, you are ready to deploy it to the App Store. First, you must request for certifications for development and distribution from Apple. There is also a need to register the devices that will be used to run the app that you have developed.Register a unique app ID, which will serve as the identifier for every app you develop. Provide all the necessary information to create a profile for your app.Log in to iTunes Connect using your iOS Developer cr edentials.If you are distributing your app for free, skip this step and proceed directly to step 10. If you are offering a paid app, fill out all the necessary “paperwork”. This involves the electronic signing of contracts and terms of agreement, and providing additional personal information and details, particularly on banking and financial aspects. After all, there has to be a way for the money to get to you.Prepare the following:The name of your app;A description of your app; andAn icon and at least one screenshot of your app, in accordance with the accepted size requirements set by Apple.Submit the app to Apple for approval, filling in all the information required (as prepared in Step 9).Wait for approval from Apple. If it is disapproved, Apple will provide the reasons why, and you will have to work on them before submitting again. Review for approval usually takes an average of around a week. This is actually the longest wait, since processing for the App Store and getting it ready for sale takes only minutes.WHY THE APP STORE?There are certain advantages why many app developers choose to publish their apps on the Apple App Store instead of other app stores. Here are some of them.The Apple store is known for having high-quality apps thanks, in large part, to its strict quality control. Apps have to be submitted for review and approval before it finally makes its way to the App store for distribution, so users are more assured that they are downloading something that is actually useful to some extent. Other app stores are not as stringent in their approval or screening process, so some useless apps make their way on the shelves.Users that go to the Apple store are usually willing to spend money on the apps and, more particularly, they can afford it. In short, Apple users are from the richer demographic. Let’s face it, majority of app developers are in it to make money off the apps that they create. Sure, they might start out by offering free apps but , down the line, they would want to start earning money from their apps.App developers get the lion’s share of the app sales. 30% of the sales will go to Apple, and the remaining 70% will go to the developer, so it is the latter that will earn more.Developers do not have to pay hosting fees or other related fees, since Apple will shoulder those bits already.HOW TO INCREASE DOWNLOADS OF YOUR APPBeing one of the two biggest app stores means that the Apple App Store holds millions of apps â€" free and paid â€" specially designed for iOS devices. That paints quite a picture for app developers: if they hit it big, they can expect their apps to have millions of downloads. On the other end of the spectrum, they are also facing the risk and possibility of their app being overshadowed and, worse, being buried into obscurity by the other apps.Needless to say, the App Store presents a competitive environment for app developers and their apps. It is highly possible for very good â€" outstandi ng, even â€" apps going unnoticed (and un-downloaded), while there have been many instances of lackluster â€" and downright disappointing â€" apps getting a lot of downloads.What made the difference?The marketing of the app. It is possible that the developer of the less-than-stellar app was very good in getting attention for their app, while the developer of the actually-very-good app did not know the first thing about putting the app out there for consideration by users.Do not make the mistake of the latter developer. Fortunately, there are many app marketing strategies and techniques that you can employ, and here are some tips and tricks that you can apply so you can achieve that high download count that you want for your app.Learn from feedbackBasically, you have to find out what users who visit the Apple Store are looking for â€" what they need and want â€" and give it to them.Never forget that you are catering to iOS users. They choose to go to the Apple Store to get their apps for specific reasons, and it is up to you, the developer, to make sure that they find what they are looking for once they visit the App Store. If you are targeting users that run apps on specific iOS devices such as iPhone or iPad, listen to what they have to say, particularly on what features they want the app to be able to offer when they are actually launched or being ran in those devices.Optimize your appFirst impressions last. That also applies to apps as seen on the Store. Visitors to the App Store tend to check out the apps that first appear once they log in. Your goal is to make your App appear in the first page or, better yet, in the top ten or first place rankings.App optimization involves paying attention to several factors.Choose the right app name. Much like SEO or Search Engine Optimization, you have to take note of the keywords that you use. When choosing a name for your app, consider the following:It should be simple enough to facilitate easy recall. Keep it short a nd simple. Often, long-winded names using complicated words tend to overwhelm users, and they won’t bother to remember them.This involves choosing one keyword that can sum up your app and what it offers in a single word. The keyword must be present in the app name, such that users will immediately have an idea what the app is all about just by reading the name.Choose the right keywords. The App Store will ask for a set of keywords that will apply to your app, so that when those keywords are used in searches, your app will appear. It is important to choose a set of keywords that are often used by customers.Write a good description for your app. The first rule when writing an app description is to make sure it is correct. It should correctly describe what the app can do. Some make use of narratives while others prefer to enumerate the features and characteristics. The latter is usually more appreciated by users, since it is easier to digest information when presented in bullet point s, rather than meandering and verbose sentences.Accompany your app with screenshots. Users will not download an app unless they have an idea what to expect once they installed it on their devices. Like it or not, users are still largely easily swayed by visuals, and getting a glimpse of the user interface, even if only through screenshots, is already a good start. When adding screenshots, choose those that captures the main view and the main functions of the app. Fortunately, the Apple Store allows up to 5 screenshots to be uploaded to accompany your app, so you can pick the choicest screenshots.Translate, when necessary. Take note that Apple users are not purely US-based or from English-speaking countries. Localizing the app by providing translations to various languages will be a major point in your favor. Non-English-speaking users, for instance, will be easier to convince to download an app when they see it is also available in their language. This will increase your app’s cha nces to be downloaded by users in countries across the globe.Generate buzz about your appSet up a website for your app.This is easily one of the best ways to generate buzz about your app outside of the Apple Store. Create a website that will be solely dedicated to the app you have developed. Here, visitors to the site can download the app, or be redirected to the Apple Store for download, whichever is more convenient for them. Of course, you would also have to employ a separate optimization program for your website, because the more traffic your website gets, the higher number of potential users who will download your app. This website should also serve as an avenue for users to contact the developer for any issues regarding the app.For some developers, setting up an exclusive website might be too much work. There is an easier, and often cheaper, alternative: a weblog or blog. Here, developers can also provide periodic updates regarding the app, and can also encourage interaction an d input from users.When making use of a website or a blog, it is highly advisable to make it available on mobile as well. Remember that most app users make use of mobile devices, so making the website or blog more accessible in mobile form is an advantage.Establish a social media presence.Social media and social networks have become powerful platforms when it comes to all sorts of promotion. Even businesses turn to social media to widen their reach in the market. It is no different in app marketing.Social media platform users number to the millions, and so this is a great way to increase your app’s chances of being downloaded. Some of the most popular apps today have their own accounts in social network platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn.Obtain the help of influencers.Influencers are individuals who can help steer attention toward your app. A good example would be bloggers and celebrities. If you will be able to impress them with your app by giving them t he app in advance to try out, they will definitely make sure to let their followers know about it.Encourage ratings and reviews.The App Store facilitates users leaving ratings and reviews to apps they have downloaded and used. This is one of the best indicators of the quality of an app. A user who is looking for a photo editing app, for example, will rely heavily on the reviews before making up their mind on whether to download an app or not, or on whether to pay for it or not.Similarly, the larger number of users that downloaded an app will mean a larger amount of ratings. The more frequently rated and highly rated apps usually appear on the first page. Thus, encouraging users to leave ratings and reviews is another good way of optimizing your app.Give your app away for freeOkay, so maybe you never really relished the idea of giving away â€" for free â€" something that you have worked long hours on. But this is a strategy that is employed by new developers, or those that have not r eleased any app before, and are looking to get exposure before actually asking for money for their apps.What many successful app developers do is to set a designated time or date where users can download their app for free. They may even name specific conditions that must be met by users before they can get the app for free. Remember, as much as Apple users are more willing and able to spend money on quality apps, they would not say no to a free one!Build a loyal fanbase (or customer base)Yes, app developers also have fans; if they are excellent at what they do, that is. If you are not comfortable with the term, you’d probably prefer the phrase “customer base”.Users tend to form a certain degree of loyalty and attachment to developers that deliver what they want. If a certain app developer heeds the concerns of users and makes significant efforts to meet their demands and expectations, they will not hesitate to try the other apps created by that developer. They will also be mo re inclined to look forward to future releases and even promote that developer’s works. Word of mouth is said to be one of the best forms of advertising and, if you have a fan base that is loyal to you, and believe in your work, they will definitely help reel in other users to download your app.Be updated with Apple’s latest productsApple is now regularly releasing new and updated mobile products and devices, and you have to keep yourself in the loop on what these releases are in order for you to be able to keep up with the app requirements and expectations. You cannot expect users to download an app that will only work for a single device, and an older version, too! Keeping yourself updated with the latest products from Apple will ensure that you can also update your app accordingly, in order to cater to more users.Hone your app development skillsYou owe it to yourself â€" and all the people who will potentially download your apps â€" to be good at what you do. As technology ev olves and advances, so, too, will the demands and expectations on apps. Continue learning and studying about app development. Participate actively in events organized purposely for app developments. One good example is Apple’s Annual Worldwide Developers Conference, where developers converge to share knowledge and acquire new ones.Of course, at the core of all these, is the app. The best way to ensure that your app has a lot of downloads is to have a very good app â€" one that actually offers something useful or valuable to users. Back up all your app marketing efforts with an app that will be worth the attention â€" and the money â€" poured into it by Apple users.

How to Find the Aquila Constellation

The constellation Aquila is visible in the northern hemispheres summer sky and the southern hemispheres winter. This small but significant constellation features several fascinating deep sky objects that amateur astronomers can view with a backyard telescope. Finding Aquila Aquila is outlined in faint blue, and its brightest star is Altair. Look for it just below Cygnus the Swan and near Sagittarius. From a dark viewing site, observers can see that Aquila lies in the plane of the Milky Way. Carolyn Collins Petersen   The easiest way to find Aquila is to locate the nearby constellation Cygnus, the Swan. Its a roughly cross-shaped pattern of stars that is high overhead on summer evenings beginning in mid-July. Cygnus appears to be flying down the Milky Way galaxy (which we see from the inside as a band of stars stretching across the sky) toward Aquila, which looks like a crooked shape of a plus sign. The brightest stars of Aquila, Lyra, and Cygnus all form a familiar asterism called the Summer Triangle, which is visible in the northern hemisphere from early summer to late in the year.   Historical Interpretations Aquila has been a known constellation since antiquity. It was cataloged by the astronomer Claudius Ptolemy and was eventually adopted as one of the 88 modern constellations charted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Since it was first interpreted by the Babylonians, this star pattern has virtually always been identified as an eagle. In fact, the name aquila comes from the Latin word for eagle.  Aquila was also well known in ancient Egypt, where it was seen as a bird accompanying the god Horus. It was similarly interpreted by the Greeks and, later, the Romans, who dubbed it Vultur volans (the flying vulture). In China, myths about family and separation were told in relation to the star pattern. Polynesian cultures saw Aquila in several different ways, including as a warrior, a tool, and a navigational star. The Stars of the Aquila Constellation The six brightest stars in this region make up the body of the eagle, set against a backdrop of dimmer stars. Aquila is relatively small, compared to nearby constellations. Its brightest star is called ÃŽ ± Aquilae, also known as Altair. It lies only about 17 light-years from Earth, making it a pretty close neighbor. The second-brightest star is ÃŽ ² Aquilae, better known as Alshain. Its name comes from an Arabic term which means the balance. Astronomers commonly refer to stars in this way, using lowercase Greek letters to indicate the brightest as alpha, beta, and so on, to the dimmest ones lower in the alphabet. Aquila features several double stars, including 57 Aquilae. It contains an orange-colored star paired with a whitish-colored one.  Most viewers can spot this pair using a good set of binoculars or a backyard-type telescope. Search out Aquila for other double stars, too. The entire constellation of Aquila shown with IAU boundaries and the brightest stars that make up the pattern.   IAU/Sky Telescope Deep Sky Objects in Constellation Aquila Aquila lies in the plane of the Milky Way, which means that there are a number of star clusters within its boundaries. Most are fairly dim and require good binoculars to make them out. A good star chart will help you locate these. Theres also a planetary nebula or two in Aquila, including NGC 6781. It requires a good telescope to spot, and its a favorite challenge for astrophotographers.  With a powerful telescope, NGC 6781 is colorful and striking, as seen below. A view through a backyard-type telescope is not nearly so colorful, but instead shows a slightly greenish-gray blob of light. The planetary nebula NGC 6781 as photographed through one of the telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile. This nebula lies in Aquila and can be spotted with a good backyard-type telescope. ESO   Aquila as a Springboard for Exploration Observers can use Aquila as a jumping-off spot to explore the Milky Way and the many clusters and objects that lie in nearby constellations, such as Sagittarius. The center of our galaxy lies in the direction of Sagittarius and its neighbor Scorpius. Just above Altair lie two tiny little constellations called Delphinus the Dolphin and Sagitta the Arrow. Delphinus is one of those star patterns that looks like its name, a cheery little Dolphin in the starry seas of the Milky Way.

How Poetry of the First World War Changed Essay - 3266 Words

How Poetry of the First World War Changed The First World War broke out on the 4th of august 1914. It was the first major war near bye Europe for hundreds of years. It sparked fantasies of becoming a war hero in young boys and mens minds and because the government had assured everyone that the war would be over by Christmas, those young boys and men decided to join up in an attempt not to miss the excitement of war. Little did they know that they were being led to an untimely death at the hands of Germany! Poets were also just as patriotic as the men going to fight. Because of this patriotism the poets wrote about how glamorous the war was and how good it felt to die for ones country. This was all in an attempt along with†¦show more content†¦But she reflected the mood of the times. Another thing that affected popes poetry was that she was a journalist not a soldier like some of the other war poets such as {Siegfried Sassoon}. Some may say that she played her own part of the killing in the war, after all she got thousands of young gullible and innocent men to walk to their long and painful deaths, but if it hadnt been her it would have been someone else. Pope also uses other words that would not usually be associated to war for example: tackle, game and fun are a few. These are all the things associated with rugby, there again making it all sound like one great big game, when of course it wasnt, She uses all of these in a cunning way to take away the reality of war. And make you think that it is going to be easy and that its like a game hence whos for the game but reality shows us otherwise. This is a poem thats to the advantage of propaganda. I do not like this poem as none of it is true and it seems to be evil in its own way. It is rather different to Wilfred Owens Dulcet et Decorum Est. as that is complete fact and it was wrote by a man that actually experienced what he wrote unlike Jessie Pope who had never been to war and was never actually going to go anyway. Whether Pope truly believed that war is, and was a game I dont know but I for sureShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon, And Wilfred Owen1531 Words   |  7 PagesCastle Senior High School World War I Poetry How it changed during the war Abby Schaubroeck Honors World Cultures Period 3 Ms. Beck 19 May 2017 Over the course of the war the perspective of literature, in specifically poetry, changed. Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon, and Wilfred Owen all share one common bond: these men were war poets. According to the Oxford Dictionary, the term â€Å"war poet† means â€Å"a poet writing at the time of and on the subject of war, especially one on militaryRead MoreT.S. Eliots Writing Style and Use of Symbolism790 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go,† T.S. Eliot is basically trying to say that only people who push their limit can actually see how much they can really accomplish. T.S. Eliot made poetry that showed his negative views on life, people, and world. T.S. Eliot took poetry to another level by the way he writes and uses symbolism. Thomas Stearns was born on September 26, 1888. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His father was Henry ware Eliot who was theRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est1692 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Welcome back to the Poetry and Society unit of the literature topic. We are moving on from last week’s poetry type, American slam and we are now studying Protest and Resistance poetry. The protest poem ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, written by Wilfred Owen, challenges the dominant World War One ideologies of militarism and nationalism. You will find that this poem is a great example as it defies the dominant values and beliefs of war in Britain. Wilfred Owen Let’s discuss the poet. WilfredRead MorePoem Analysis : Sassoon s Poetry1493 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary movement of the First World War led to an extraordinary flowering of poetic talent. The influence of English war poet and soldier, Siegfried Sassoon, extended far beyond his own works. His journey through the conflict of war reflected a wider evolution of the literary world. I find that following the evolution of Sassoon’s poetry throughout his life contributes to the understanding of the reality of the ‘Great War for Civilisation’. Through his poetry, Sassoon exposed war as it really is –Read MoreWalt Whitman and the Civil War Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Whitman was inspired to write poems about Civil War and changed his style of writing after experiencing the horrible result of the war. Walt Whitman was born in West Hills, Long Island, on May 31, 1819. He is the second son of eight siblings in the family. In his early life, Whitman received a formal education until age of 11 because he needed to help his father to support the big family. His first job as an office boy â€Å"opened up the world of literature to him† (Reynolds 6). No longer afterRead More`` Imagine `` By John Lennon : An Intellectual Or An Emotional Impact On Society1105 Words   |  5 PagesOver centuries poetry has been considered a form of art. Some poets prefer to use specific form, style, and tone; however, others rejected the idea and simply wrote what they preferred. One demands simple things of a poem. A poem must have a meaning, an intellectual or an emotional impact on society, and some sort of rhythmic scheme. Today, is it easy to find poetry and poets everywhere. A very common place where poetry is found, but often overlooked, is in music. Lots of songwriters are knownRead More Essay on T.s. Eliot And Society1454 Words   |  6 Pagesconsisted of a change in the perspectives of how Americans examined themselves and their role in society. Many things occurred during these eighty five years that accounted for a great social change. Among these things were World War I, the Civil Rights Movement, prohibition, women suffrage, and the Great Depression. Particularly after World War I and during women’s suffrage, society’s standpoint on certain issues changed dramatically. After World War I, people’s attitudes swung with high expectationsRead MoreThe Wasteland, by T.S. Eliot857 Words   |  4 PagesT.S. Eliot transformed the traditional poetry form into a more modern style. Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri on September 26, 1888. At the age of 25, Eliot moved to England where he began his career as a poet. Eliot greatly attracted the modernist movement, which was poetry written in the reaction of Victorian poetry. His first poem, The Lo ve Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, was known as one of the most famous pieces of the Modernist movement. In his poetry, Eliot combines themes such as aridityRead More War in the Works of Virginia Woolf, Siegfried Sassoon, and Wilfred Owen1522 Words   |  7 PagesWar in the Works of Virginia Woolf, Siegfried Sassoon, and Wilfred Owen   Ã‚  Ã‚   War has the ability to destroy not only countries and society, but families and individuals as well.   Adverse effects are often the outcome of a war.   It is not looked at in a positive way and often causes conflict.   Through the works of Virginia Woolf, Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen, and the 1992 Welsh film Hedd Wyn the effects of war are made apparent.   All of them express their representations of war differently;Read MoreHow EE Cummings Experiences Influences His Poetry Essay994 Words   |  4 Pagesattention and made him so special. Many incidents in Cummings’ life affected his poetry, his experiences and his personality, which could clearly be observed in the poems he wrote. Cummings became such a well-known poet due to the effect of his life events on his poetry, his peculiar writing style and his strong connection with the topics of love and lust. The struggles and successes of his life developed his poetry in a huge manner. EE Cummings lived during a very eventful and historic era. He

Multicultural Communication Free Essays

In this clip, the ISRC (International Committee of the Red Cross discuss how the Red Cross performs humanitarian aid within the political climate and upheaval of the modern world. Members of the board include someone from Great Britain, Switzerland, France, and Belgium. The discussion between persons from different countries and cultures is a fascinating watch to see how influence, negotiation, and immunization takes place at the highest levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Multicultural Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Liking They all communicate very formally, sometimes clumsily, in English. Several elements of influence are demonstrated. At the conclusion of her opening remarks, Bea Ivanhoe, Director of the ISRC Visitor Service Center, refers to Peter Manure as ‘his Excellency’. This is not common language, but in a formal, eastern European setting, this provides Mr.. Manure a form of Authority. When one leader refers to another in this manner, it makes clear to the audience that Mr.. Manure likes the presenter, and his credibility can easily transfer in the audiences mind.. Liking is defined as a principle â€Å"that holds that people are more likely to be influenced by those whom they like or with whom they have similarities† (Localhost Burton, 2010). When introducing Mr.. Manure, Ms. Ivanhoe actually nods her head in subjection as well. Social Proof Alexander Basel begins his speech in his native French when speaking to his immediate superiors. However, when opening remarks begin to be addressed to the general audience, he transfers to English. This is a way of demonstrating social proof hat he is well respected by his compatriots, and therefore should be respected by other on the panel and in the audience. Social proof is defined as a â€Å"principle of influence that states people are more likely to want to do something if they believe that many others are doing the same thing or buying the same product† (Localhost Burton, 2010). Reciprocation When the panel begins its discussion, Mr.. Manure discusses how Professor Musses Capita mentioned that the ISRC is successful because it runs away from politics. Mr.. Manure compliments Professor Capita on his expertise, then disagrees to say that the ISRC works within the confines of the political landscape, but does not run from it. This compliment then disagree is all done without emotion, and done in the same way that DRP. Capita speaks, this is a form of reciprocation. As defined, reciprocation is a â€Å"principle of influence that states people are more likely to say yes too request when the requester has done something for that person in the past† (Localhost Burton, 2010). Non-verbal Communication Conformity Antonio Gestures (Portugal) begins his discussion with much more facial expressions ND hand gestures than the remainder of the board. When asked questions, he uses his body language to appear humble in his responses and positions. This non-verbal communication gives an appearance of conformity, and shows he is not one to rebel against the group. How to cite Multicultural Communication, Papers

Journal Of Water Sanitation For Development-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Water Sanitation For Development? Answer: Introducation According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental cases (Who.int 2018). Maternal mortality is a significant concern in the modern World. The maternal mortality rates have dropped from 385 deaths to 216 deaths per 100,000 live births from 1990-2015, which is a decline of 44% of the global ratio of maternal mortality. However, this is only 5.5% of the annual rate, which is needed to achieve the maternal mortality reduction target. Maternal mortality is a significant concern, particularly in the regions of Africa. Maternal mortality rates are unacceptable in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa (World Health Organization 2015). Moreover, compared to the countries of high socio-economic status, the countries with poor socio-economic status are far more affected with respect to maternal mortality. This is because the developed countries have a maternal mortality rate of 1 in 3300, while for developing countries, it is 1 in 41. The maternal mortality ratio in the developing countries is 14 times higher than the maternal mortality ratios of the developed and high-income countries (World Health Organization and Unicef 2014). The percentage of women requiring or undergoing antenatal care has also increased from 65%, which was observed in the year 1990 to 83% in the year 2012. This is particularly high among the developing countries. Moreover, not all women receive the necessary amount of healthcare services required, particularly in the developing countries (Tran Khanh 2012). Although maternal mortality rates has decreased but more than 800 women die each day due to complications resulting from pregnancy and child birth (Haddou 2018). Both Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia contribute to significant numbers of the maternal dea ths observed worldwide (Blencowe et al. 2012). Proper family planning and sanitation are some of the interventions that can help to reduce the maternal deaths. This policy brief concentrates on the maternal mortality rates on Africa as compared to other countries and identifies the root causes of the problem. The policy brief is directed towards the Government and the participants in the culmination and application of the policy will be the healthcare organizations, non-government bodies, among others. Underlying root causes Approximately, 289,000 women die every year due to childbirth complications resulting from sanitation. Lack of family planning, results in early pregnancies, unintended pregnancies and abortions that contribute to maternal deaths (Usaid.gov 2018). Teenage pregnancies and lack of use of contraceptives also results in maternal deaths. Another case of concern is the HIV infections, which account for 40% of maternal deaths. These are some of the preventable causes of maternal mortality. Other preventable causes of maternal mortality are haemorrhage, which accounts for 27% of deaths, presence of pre-existing medical conditions that are aggravated due to pregnancy, pregnancy hypertensive disorders like eclampsia, sepsis, embolism, unsafe abortion practices also contribute to the preventable causes of maternal deaths worldwide, particularly in developing countries (Filippi et al 2016). Lack of skilled healthcare personnels, supplies and equipments prevent timely care of women going through various pregnancy or child birth related complications. Lack of equipments and skilled doctors and nurses, particularly in the developing countries also results in improper diagnosis of the complications, thereby preventing timely treatments and in turn contributing to increased maternal mortality rates. Presence of complications results in timely interventions like the use of services like administration of life saving drugs, blood transfusions, surgical interventions like caesarean sections, among others (Nnebue et al. 2014). Policy implications of maternal mortality The consequences associated with maternal mortality has far reaching effects. Studies have revealed that increase in maternal mortality results in increased rates of mortally among the children. It also results in decreased nutrition and proper education of children. Maternal deaths are also associated with social and economic crisis, particularly in the developing countries. In the developing countries like Africa, mothers are also earners of the family and maternal deaths results in financial instability, difficult management of the household, loss of education, among others. These are some of the long term consequences associated with maternal mortality (Molla et al. 2015). Some of the policies particularly in the developing countries that have been implied to reduce maternal mortality are fee exemption policy. According to this policy, delivery fees during child birth will be reduced in regions of Ghana. Along with this a method called the Rapid Ascertainment Process for institut ional deaths were also applied. It revealed that after application of the policy, maternal death rates were significantly reduced (Johnson, Frempong-Ainguah and Padmadas 2015). Some of the other policy implications are evaluation of safe pregnancy and motherhood programs, use of skilled health workers specialized in emergency obstetrics in order to reduce maternal deaths in rural areas, improvement of health facilities, helping the poor socio-economic groups get safe care delivery services in order to prevent deaths caused by pregnancy related complications, monitoring of maternal care services, se of context specific indicators to evaluate and monitor maternal health, evaluation of economic aspects of healthcare systems with the use of specific tools and enhancement of research works for further evaluation of the intervention and monitoring programs (Gov.uk 2018). Organizational interests The World Health Organization is particularly, interested in this problem of maternal mortality that is gripping the population of sub Saharan Africa. Maternal mortality in sub Saharan Africa is associated with various causes like anemia, diabetes or hypertension, mental health conditions like depression, among others. Other factors include obstructed labour, obstetric fistula are also associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality (Filippi et al. 2016). The World Health Organization along with others partners are involved in the development of tools and other measures to overcome these shortcomings. The World Health Organization also defines the roles played by unsafe abortions in contributing to maternal deaths. According to the World Health Organization, unsafe abortion is the termination of an unwanted pregnancy, either by persons lacking the necessary skills or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards or both. Although the maternal mortality ratios have been re duced throughout the World, the most significant reduction observed in Eastern Asia of about 72%, Sub Saharan Africa shows only a very poor decline of only 45% in comparison to others countries (Who.int 2018). The World Health Organization has given rise to a number of statistical data that have shown that 73% of maternal deaths are due to obstetric causes and 27.5% are due to indirect causes. Hemorrhage constituted 27.1% of maternal deaths, hypertension constituted 14%, sepsis was 10.7%, unsafe abortions were 7.9% and embolism contributed to 12.8% of maternal deaths in Sub Saharan Africa. Indirect causes contributed 70% to maternal deaths. Indirect causes as observed by the World Health Organization, were found to be HIV/AIDS, preexisting conditions associated with diabetes, hypertension, depression, among others (Storm et al. 2014; Black et al. 2016). The World Health Organizations millennium development goal 5 was to improve maternal health and therefore to reduce maternal mortal ity rates (Who.int 2018). However, such health strategies of the millennium development goals with respect to maternal mortality has be used to create an agenda or a sustainable development goal that can have global implications involving not only the health of women but also ensure the well being and health of all individuals belonging to different age groups (Sustainabledevelopment.un.org 2018). Overview of policies and their shortcomings Family planning policies as part of the millennium development goals to reduce maternal mortality is one of the policy options as described by the World Health Organization (Kyei-Nimakoh, Carolan-Olah and McCann 2016). This policy provides evidences with respect to multiple benefits associated with family planning. It shows the importance of family planning in maintenance of health and also for the socio-economic development of the countrys population. The policy therefore supports the cause of family planning in order to curb the health priorities affecting the current World Population. According to this policy the main benefits associated with family planning are associated with maternal mortality rates and health. Contraception reduces the number and also alters the timing of the pregnancies, which in turn has an impact on the health of the mothers as well as on the children. By increasing the contraceptive se to 10%, the rate of births and fertility are reduced, thereby resulting in a positive impact on the health of the women. Fertility regulation plays an important role in reducing the rate of maternal deaths (Adedini et al. 2015). Fertility decline played an important role, particularly in the developing countries to reduce the maternal mortality rates by 1.2 million in 2005 and by 1.7 million in 2008. The policy indicates that maternal deaths can be reduced by 30% if the women use contraceptives in order to avoid future pregnancies. The policy identifies two possible mechanisms by which contraceptives can reduce maternal mortality ratios. These include pregnancy aversions which would result in lowering the risk to the mother aged between 18-34 years and also reduces the rate of unsafe abortions. Another mechanism that was identified was that use of contraceptives results in improvements in obstetric health provisions. Moreover, other benefits that were identified involved survival and health of newborns (Familyplanning.org.nz 2018). The social benefits identified by the policy was that family planning or contraception resulted in womens education and empowerment. Greater empowerment was found to be associated with greater use of contraceptives and in turn resulted in decreased maternal mortality rates and decrease in unwanted pregnancies. A low fertility setting for women results in increase in women employment and participation in public activities, which in turn ensures brighter future. The policy also identified the economic impacts associated with family planning and indicated that such family planning interventions, particularly in the developing countries helped to reduce the health delivery service costs with respect to disability adjusted life years, maternal and child deaths. African countries, where the population is growing at a rapid rate, the World Bank indicates that such a rapid population growths results in large number of savings deficits. Moreover, the environmental benefits were also outlined by the policy, whic h indicated that population growths resulted in large consumptions of the environmental resources and also increased carbon-dioxide emissions, mainly in the least developed countries. The policy implications were identified to be positive impacts on the health of women as well as children, apart from socio-economic developments. Contraceptions help to reduce the rate of child births and also help to space the child births, thereby resulting in women empowerment as well as reductions in maternal mortality (Apps.who.int 2018). However, even though family planning helps to prevent and thereby reduce the rates of maternal and child mortality, women in many developing countries like South Africa still do not use contraceptives and as a result the number of unintended pregnancies, abortions and maternal deaths are high. Lack of proper scaling up strategies for promoting the use of contraceptives results in low usage. Other than lack of scaling up strategies, absence of maternal care facilities also results in increased maternal deaths in South Africa (Chola et al. 2015). Necessary recommendations include reduction in the costs of the contraceptives and also family planning educational programs in order to educate more women and also their families particularly in the rural areas to use contraceptives and control unwanted or untimely fatal pregnancies. Other shortcomings of the family planning policies or the reasons why the policy is failing is that beliefs of patients and providers play an important role in i nfluencing the use of contraceptives. Misconceptions present in various regions of Africa such as Uganda, with respect to the use of contraceptives also deter them from following the family planning guidelines. According to them contraceptives can damage the uterus and also can result in death. Moreover, other barriers included discussions about contraceptives to be unacceptable, provider beliefs like contraceptives can induce female infertility, unwillingness to distribute contraceptives to unmarried individuals, among others. Other barriers are limited availability of contraceptives, lack of qualified and skilled healthcare personnels, misconceptions of health risks, lack of consent from male partners and limited access to contraceptives also prevent the use of contraceptives and adhere to family planning guidelines (Uniteforsight.org 2018; Ackerson and Zielinski 2017; Celik 2016). Another policy as defined by the Sanitation and Hygiene Applied Research for Equity (SHARE) implicates lack of sanitation and hygiene as well as poor access of water negatively impacts both maternal and child health (Who.int 2018; Waterinstitute.unc.edu 2018). According to this policy there is a strong correlation between maternal mortality and lack of sanitation, hygiene and water. The lack of hand hygiene has also been associated with increased maternal and child deaths. The causes described in this policy with respect to maternal deaths were poor sanitation and unsafe management of water. Evidences revealed that poor sanitation resulted in hookworm infections, which can cause anaemia and increase the risks associated with maternal deaths. Hookworm infections were also found to cause Listeria, which were associated with pre-term births and spontaneous abortions. Poor sanitation related Schistosomiasis is also associated with anemia, ectopic pregnancy and under nutrition among pregn ant women. This in turn results in poor health outcomes for the pregnant women (Campbell et al. 2015). Moreover, infections caused by poor sanitation results in obstructed labour and increased risk of maternal mortality (Filippi et al. 2016). Poor sanitation also increases the risk of pre-eclampsia, urinary tract infections, thereby resulting in negative health outcomes for women. Moreover, unsafe water can increase risks of infections associated with fecal oral routes and can also result in increased infections like malaria and dengue, which poses a serious threat to pregnant women (Minassian et al. 2013). Moreover, contamination of water by arsenic and fluorides results in still births and higher rates of spontaneous abortion. SHARE has helped to carry out research in the field of sanitation and maternal health. The policy identified a conceptual framework named the Bradley classification, which identified the risk factors associated with maternal health outcomes. This classificat ion helped to identify the risk factors and classified them into biological, chemical and behavioral mechanisms. Other studies identified in this policy brief showed that poor water sanitation is associated with increased maternal mortality rates and also indicated that poor access to safe water also contributed to increased risks of maternal mortality. Moreover, assessments carried out revealed that in Tanzania, less than one third of births take place in safe water and sanitation regions (Benova et al. 2014). Needs assessments were also carried out, which showed that poor functioning of water system, contaminated hospital beds, lack of hand washing stations had been found to be responsible for the high maternal mortality rates in Zanzibar and India (Assets.publishing.service.gov.uk 2018; Steinmann et al. 2015). The needs assessment study also revealed that poor sanitation and open defecation is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The policy revealed that additional work is required to enhance the evidence base and identify the various sanitation interventions that can have a positive impact on maternal health, thereby enabling to reduce the maternal mortality rates. The policy contributed to research with respect to identifying the risk factors and in this respect helped to identify that sanitation problems and lack of access to safe water are some of the determinants of maternal health. The policy also provides recommendations that indicates the requirement of support from donors, governments and agencies. It also recommends the requirement of infrastructures, monitoring, training and supplies in order to ensure the hygiene particularly in delivery and operating rooms. Moreover, it also recommends the implementation of the WASH policy in the post 2015 development framework and also ensures that financial resourcing be carried out in order to embed WASH in core health strategies (Lshtm.ac.uk 2018). However, the WASH policy has some barriers, which prevents its success. These include lack on information, differences in mindsets, lack of coordination, lack of political and financial support, lack of demand, donor agendas, lack of service providers, lack of human and technical resources, limited access, lack of promotion, lack of cleaning arrangements, cultural factors, among others. Lack of proper information about the existing conditions of sanitation, lack of clarity with respect to institutional responsibilities in developing countries, lack of budgetary allocations, lack of skilled and disciplined workers can also result in preventing the implementations of the WASH policy. Moreover, in countries like Africa, lack of hygiene providers like local governments, NGOs, community associations and private suppliers also prevents the implementation of the WASH policy. Additionally, lack of promotional strategies also have no impact particularly in the rural population and promotional strategies are required to create links between sanitation and maternal mortality, which in turn can have an impact on the rural populations of developing countries. Developing countries also do not have community sanitation facilities, which also prevents the reduction of maternal mortality rates. Cultural factors also are potential barriers to policy implementations, which include variations of the perspectives of individuals with respect to sanitation facilities. Moreover, varying beliefs of different ethnic groups also pose a problem to policy implementations (Waterfund.go.ke 2018; Sahoo et al. 2015). Policy recommendations However, keeping in mind the shortcomings of the policies described in the above sections, certain recommendations that can be beneficial in further inducing the implementations of the policies include access to skilled care to women in developing countries before, after and during child births, training of health providers with emergency obstetrics care, increasing the supplies in healthcare centers, education of communities in order to strengthen the maternal healthcare organizations, skilled technicians who can assist in child birth and manage complications in rural areas, increase in funding from Government and non-government organizations, among others (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2018). Other recommendations involve promotion of sanitation and family planning strategies on a large scale, particularly in rural areas and also monitor the services provided by the healthcare centers. Moreover, misconceptions can be removed by utilizing members from local communities in promotional programs in order to obtain the trust of the individuals with respect to the health promotion programs. Women supervisors should be included in the promotional programs so that the women in developing countries and various rural areas can talk about their problems, which is otherwise not possible in the presence of male counterparts. Education and empowerment of women is also essential as these would help the women to lead healthy lives and also help them to keep their families free of diseases. Finally, it is necessary to make maternal health a global health concern and embed it in all health-related programs whether national or global (Apps.who.int 2018). Closing paragraph Thus, maternal health is a serious concern and it should be noted that prevention of maternal mortality is essential in order to prevent negative impacts on the society, family and the economy of a nation and the World in general. Various policies have been applied that helps to curb the consequences of maternal mortality. Although maternal mortality rates have declined in the recent times but still various developing countries are still trying to cope from the maternal mortality issues. One of the most affected regions of the World that is affected by high rates of maternal mortality and also have shown least progress with respect to reduction of maternal deaths are the sub Saharan regions of Africa. Various barriers are also present that prevent the implementations of policies. As a result, various promotional and intervention programs are needed in order to prevent maternal mortality. Thus, this policy brief provides various recommendations that can be used to enhance maternal hea lth in the developing countries, particularly the most affected regions of Africa Reference List Ackerson, K. and Zielinski, R., 2017. Factors influencing use of family planning in women living in crisis affected areas of Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of the literature.Midwifery,54, pp.35-60. Adedini, S.A., Odimegwu, C., Imasiku, E.N. and Ononokpono, D.N., 2015. Unmet need for family planning: Implication for under-five mortality in nigeria.Journal of health, population, and nutrition,33(1), p.187. Apps.who.int (2018).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Apps.who.int. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75165/1/WHO_RHR_HRP_12.23_eng.pdf [Accessed 20 Jan. 2018]. Apps.who.int (2018).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Apps.who.int. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/153544/1/9789241508483_eng.pdf? [Accessed 20 Jan. 2018]. 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Abelard And Heloise Essays - Hlose, Historia Calamitatum

Abelard And Heloise The twelfth century was divided into two phases: Early Middle Ages or Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages. It's during the High Middle Ages when things started to take a turn both mentally and physically. Churches developed more stamina and papal bureaucracy was created. The government was revived. Urbanization increased and most of all a sudden increase was brought in cultural revitalization and courtly love was an important aspect of this awakening. Courtly love is defined as humility, courtesy, adultery and religion of love. This is what I believe Abelards's and Heloise's relationship was based on in Abelard's Historia Calamitatum and his letters to Heloise. Abelard was a well-known figure of the twelfth century that taught dialectic philosophy. Abelard was in his late thirties when he first met Heloise in Paris. And it was her knowledge and gift for writing letters, which was so rare in women at the times that attracted Abelard to her. Heloise was the niece of one of the Cannons. She was about seventeen when she met Abelard; this was not considered a big deal for back then it was pretty common to have big age difference in marriages. Heloise was considered atypical because women were rarely educated at all back then. She was strong willed and she had a pretty good sense of logic and this is what brought them together. Heloise struck a deal with Heloise's uncle to educate her and gained full access to her pleasures. Their relationship encompassed the maximum in personal freedom. "Her studies allowed us to withdraw in private, as love desired and then with our books open before us, more words of our love than of our reading passed between us, and more kissing than teaching. (Radice 67). Later Heloise became pregnant and Abelard could not successfully sidestep the rules of the society because the society of a time just wouldn't accept a premarital sexual affair. I believe Abelard and Heloise got engaged in the first "modern" love affair. Because they enjoyed each other both sexually and intellectually, just as how it's perceived in today's world. Though Heloise's attitude towards marriage and love was quite different from the other women of the twelfth century. She resisted the idea of marriage because she thought it was more of an economical and political idea than real love and that she would rather be called a whore or a mistress instead of a wife. (Radice 74). This tells us about her individuality and also that she didn't consider marriage part of love unlike most of the women of her time. Love is portrayed in many forms in this book. Like for example love of learning. The first thing Abelard does in his writing of Historia Calamitatum is portray himself as an individual just like Heloise. He denounced the popular and glorious life of a soldier and in order to study words and philosophy. I believe in writing this he shows his clever and different way of thinking by referring to dialectic. "I chose the weapons of dialectic to all the other teachings of philosophy and armed with these, I chose the conflict of disputation instead of trophies of war." (Radice 58). In the beginning Abelard's and Heloise's relationship was based heavily on passionate love. So later after their entry into religion, Heloise accused Abelard of lust rather than love for her, which I believe, is not true. "It was desire, not affection which bound you to me, the flame of lust rather than love. This is not merely my opinion, beloved, it is everyone's." (Radice 116). I wouldn't agree with Heloise here. Abelard was mostly attracted to her because of her knowledge and because of her gift of writing letters. Also he worried about her as much as he was concerned about himself and his career. He agreed to marry Heloise even though it would put his career and reputation in danger. Also at one time he says "all our laments were for one another's troubles and our distress for each other, not for ourselves." (Radice 69). I don't think this would fall under lust because if he had only desired sex then he wouldn't have cared for her the way he did. Abelard and Heloise's relationship was based on courtly love of their time and also I believe that their love was the creation of modern ideal of marriage which was founded on the voluntarily shared tenderness of a couple who shelter each other from the harshly competitive world, just like today's.

Sistine Chapel Essays - Book Of Genesis, Bereshit, Adam And Eve

Sistine Chapel Essays - Book Of Genesis, Bereshit, Adam And Eve Sistine Chapel The Presence of God Michelangelo's paintings on the Sistine Chapel contain a strong presence of God. The ideas and stories of the Bible lie at the surface of the entire ceiling. All these stories are taking from the book of Genesis, which would not be possible without God. The scenes depicted are placed in a time frame of an earlier world. This period is called ante legem, and is the period before the Mosaic Law. The scenes can be analyzed in numerous ways that depend on the analyzers faith and interpretation of the beginning of time. The chapel contains nine stories divided into three trilogies: The Creation of the World, the Creation of Man, and the Story of Noah. All of these stories have a strong Godly presence, as the viewer sees the creation, progression, and, eventual, fall of man. The idea of God evolves from panel to panel by allowing the onlooker to consider God in three different situations forcing his role to change throughout each. The establishment of the vision of diverse, yet related sym bols of biblical foundations presents a sense of the supernatural and divine world. The stories embody separate motifs; but, the piece is expressed as a unified whole with God being the only consistent presence in either idea or visual portrayal. The order of the ceiling, according to the book of Genesis, should be read from the Separation of Light from Darkness to the Drunkenness of Noah, if the viewer reads in chronological order. The Creation of the World is the first out of the three trilogies. This focuses on the emergence of God's presence, arising from his creation of the earth and the cosmic environment. the Separation of Light from Darkness exemplifies the physicality of God in the beginning of his worldly universe. And God said, Let there be light, and there was light... and God divided the light from the darkness1 This story is depicted in this scene, where Michelangelo shows God whirling in a spinning motion. The shading and use of light and dark creates a feeling of the light and dark in the midst of division. God furthers his role as worldly creator in the Creation of Sun , Moon, and Planets by making two great lights; the greater light to rule the day; and the lesser one to rule the night2. God appears to be in circular motion once again; but, in this instance, he seems as if he is circulating the newly created universe. He is, at first, transpiring from the universe, and then, turns his back to the viewer to concentrate on a new object in process of establishment. The final story of the origin of the world is the Separation of Land from Water. God is perceived as an ominous being, flying above the sea, and reaching out to the heavens. He appears to be extending his arms outward to a nonexistent boundary, as if he was luring the land out of the sea. Michelangelo, in the Creation of the World, demonstrates God's limitless power by illusions of movement. The arm position, the masterful flying, and the seemingly face paced motion persuades the viewer to see a universal creator, above all fathomable beings. God appears to be traveling through all earthly dimensions, as if forcing the creation on the undeveloped world before him. The second role of God is the Creator of Man. This section is in the center of the Sistine Chapel promoting the most concentration. This is undoubtedly strategically placed, for the importance of God's role to the God creates man to rule his last creation of the universe. This section tells the story from the creation of the primarily pure to the emergence of a sinful world. The Creation of Adam delineates God giving life to Adam. This scene encompasses an intense feeling because of the naturalistic connection between Adam and God. The body language and the positioning show the events in the story. The touching fingers give a sense of the intense power traveling from God and being transported to the fingertips of Adam. Michelangelo painted this scene with a definite basis of the bible's description, so that the viewer can actually see that God

COMMUNITY PROJECT ABOUT HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COMMUNITY PROJECT ABOUT HIV - Essay Example However, scientists are working extra hard to find a cure. The enormity of the effects of HIV/AIDS attests to the fact that it continues to be a huge global health and social problem. According to the UNAIDS’s World AIDS Day Report of 2011, about 34 million people had HIV, indicating a growth of up to 17 percent since 2001. In 2010 alone, the UNAIDS reported that new infections stood at 2.7 million people. Besides being a health issue, HIV/AIDS is a huge social, cultural and development problem, which is spreading rather fast among women, young people and working-age adults. Thus, HIV/AIDS negatively impinges on the economy, society, family and schooling in a country hence, weakening the entire world. Whenever a portion of the population contracts HIV/AIDS, the economical growth and status of the world is negatively affected. The scourge thus reduces the labour force while demands on already overwhelmed governments and economic and health care systems increase (Gardner et al., 2013). The other reasons HIV/AIDS is particularly a big problem in poor and vulnerable countries and communities are lack of resources to treat and help HIV/AIDS patients, overburdened health care systems, expensive and inaccessible HIV/AIDS medication, and cost of HIV/AID treatment compares unfavorably with the GDP of most poor countries (Gardner et al., 2013). Resources for campaigning and educating the public on HIV/AIDS and on risky behaviors are also scarce. Finally, many people and societies are quite reluctant to discuss risky behaviors and HIV/AIDS, which are considered taboos in certain communities. Citizens, corporate organizations, local and state governments, NGOs, and the international community should thus combine effort to thwart the scourge. Through this project, stakeholders will create HIV/AIDS treatment and response health policies, expand care and treatment, improve teacher training, AIDS education, and social programs, protect children, and do further research on HIV/AIDS an its effects (Gardner et al., 2013). HIV/AIDS Statistics for Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County, also referred to as the  Greater Miami is situated in the southeastern portions of  Florida. Dade is the most populous county in Florida with the population standing at 2,496,435 as of the 2010 census. In fact, it is the seventh most populous county in the U.S. With a land area of 1,946 square miles (5,040  km2), Dade has the third largest land area in Florida and has an estimated half of the  Miami metropolitan area's population and several of Florida’s largest cities. With 35 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas, many parts of the northern, central and eastern regions of the county are heavily  urbanized.  Agricultural land constitutes nearly a third of Miami-Dade County's inhabited land area. Unlike the densely populated urban areas in the county’s northern sections, the agricultural areas are sparsely populated. According to the U .S. Census Bureau’s 2012 Ethnic/Race Demographics, White Americans constitute about  77.6% out of whom16.3% are Non-Hispanic Whites. On the other hand, African Americans constitute 19.2%, Asian: 1.7%,1.2%, American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.3%, Hispanics or Latinos  of any race: 64.3%, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander:  0.0%. A county-by-county analysis of the FloridaCharts.com reveals that Broward,

USA nursing school curriculum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

USA nursing school curriculum - Research Paper Example The paper tells that nursing education and hence the curriculum of courses providing the courses on nursing have been found to have modified to great extents over the years. In the present times, the courses for nursing education include advanced techniques and measures with purposes of better preparation. Nurses in collaboration with other health officials are now found taking part in this mission. In the United States, the nursing education in different institutions, colleges or universities are accompanied through several opportunities related to the nursing profession. For example, special lectures arranged by leaders in the field of nursing are provided for the nursing students. Also, different associations related to the nursing and health care take part in the educational programs thus enhancing the effects of the courses. US present a picture of advancement and development in the field of nursing education and provide the international students with indefinite opportunities a nd facilities. While students from the home country as well as from abroad come together in the learning process, there is always a mutual learning that occurs between the students. For the particular study, the nursing curriculum of the University of South Carolina has been considered. The College of Nursing in South Carolina under the University of South Carolina follows a nursing curriculum that provides interested candidates with several courses including the Bachelor of Science in Nursing, the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science, Doctor of Nursing Practice, and the Master of Science in Nursing degrees. ... ng (BSN Program Information, n.d.), the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science, Doctor of Nursing Practice, and the Master of Science in Nursing degrees (Graduate Program Information, n.d.). The BSN program as provided by the university is a four-year undergraduate program that combines the studies of the professional course and the knowledge of liberal arts. In it the general knowledge associated with english, chemistry, statistics, biology, psychology, sociology and other elective papers are included. Students completing the undergraduate program are eligible to take the licensure examination that is National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). On clearing this examination, the nursing candidate can initiate her career in the profession of nursing (BSN Program Information, n.d.). Masters and Dual Masters courses are also offered under the nursing curriculum in the South Carolina College of Nursing. The Doctorate course combines nine courses related to t he development of nursing theory, research and statistics (Graduate Program Information, n.d.). The Nursing Curriculum in USC and Its Success: Assessment and Analysis: Considering the needs and demands of the nursing candidates, and their growing interests in the field, it can be realized that the Bachelor of Science in Nursing proves to be an efficient course successfully preparing students to be able to perform in health organizations. In general the BSN program takes around four years to complete (Nursing, 2012). The college of Nursing under the South Carolina University was incepted in the year 1940 and accredited in 1957. Studies reveal that since then more than 6000 nursing students have completed their nursing courses from the university and started their career in the nursing

Evaluating a Health Promotion Website: Smoking Cessation

Evaluating a Health Promotion Website: Smoking Cessation Introduction: For the purpose of this assignment and based on the webquest, I have chosen Essay 2, evaluating a health promotion website. The current health promotion topic I have selected is smoking cessation. The National Health Service (NHS) has set up a â€Å"Go Smokefree† Services and a NHS smoking helpline plus a website offering free advice on stopping smoking and details of your local NHS Stop Smoking Services (NICE 2006). The rationale for this choice is that having completed a placement on a respiratory ward caring for patients with many smoking related diseases, it is important for me as an adult branch nurse to discuss health promotion issues, and to be up to date with current information in order to help educate people and allow them to make informed choices regarding their health, especially the health benefits of stopping smoking. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) states that it is important for nurses to ensure that any advice or information given to patients is evidence based. Smoking is a long established health hazard and it is the largest avoidable cause of premature deaths in the UK (DOH 2007). It affects almost all branches of nursing because of the wide range of diseases and conditions which it causes. All types of health problems are linked to breathing in second hand smoke, so smokers risk the health of others as well as their own. Almost everyone knows that smoking is bad for their health but despite graphic images of blackened lungs and cancerous growths in doctors waiting rooms and on cigarette packets people start smoking or continue to smoke. In order to evaluate the information from my chosen website I will be using a framework (Kapoun 1998). The reason for using this framework is because his approach supports the assignment guidelines, which include; an overview of the website; the author’s credibility; content accuracy; content objectivity or bias; and the currency of the content. Accuracy: Having decided on the subject, smoking cessation I searched the World Wide Web, using the Google search engine using the criteria. I typed in current health promotions smoking, UK search only. This displayed 240,000 results, the number one return was www.nhs.uk/smokefree and I decided to use this one. The page is produced by the NHS and has no individual author. The website contains facilities for e-mail should you encounter any difficulties with using the website, and a direct contact telephone number for help and advice. The purpose of the document and the reason for its production (Kapoun 1998) is to provide information on the benefits of stopping smoking; it achieves this by offering advice online, and a facility to download inspirational DVDs and stop smoking guides. The website is aimed at providing information for all age groups and sections of the smoking population, with information and support networks available in many languages and formats including Braille. The website a lso provides many facilities for health care professionals to order various support materials like leaflets. In distinguishing between the author and the webmaster (Kapoun 1998) the author of the site who produces the content of the web page is the NHS, but the site webmaster who maintains the website is not shown as a separate body. The NHS as the major health care provider in the UK is more than qualified to write this document (Kapoun 1998) as they have access to all departments of health information and resources, plus government statistics and strategies. Authority: As discussed in the previous subheading the website publisher is not shown separately from the webmaster, but the copyright is held by the Department of Health (DOH 2007) for which no address is shown. The URL address is www.smokefree.nhs.uk and the domain is www.nhs.uk which clearly shows the document is published in the United Kingdom. The publisher does not list any qualifications but the pre-eminence of the NHS would lend authority to the document. Objectivity: The website does achieve its goals (Kapoun 1998). It achieves its objectives by making available information on the benefits of stopping smoking, the health risks and financial costs of continuing to smoke. For example the online calculator shows that the cost of smoking 40 cigarettes per day is  £300 per month, or  £37,000 over the next twenty years. The information is very detailed and explained in ordinary non-medical terms, making it easily readable for the average person. The website was obviously non-commercial, there was no external advertising, and the motives of the website were very clearly aimed only at dissuading people from starting to smoking and persuading them to stop. I feel that the NHS website was an excellent source of information; it had links to the national statistics website and links to the DOH website which clearly stated that it was a department of the government with ministerial responsibility, which clearly adds to its authority (Kapoun 1998). It had content for the layman seeking assistance to stop smoking, through to professionals, planning local and regional smoking cessation initiatives. In my opinion this website gave an objective point of view, because it presented the facts, the options, costs, the health risks and benefits without being judgemental, or biased against the smoking minority. By comparison, the Action on Smoking and Health (Ash) website presented its information in a more opinionated manner, the website had the feel of a crusade about it, rather than persuasion and offering information and support, it seemed to portray smokers as victims of the tobacco industry incapable of free choice. The website gives information on stopping smoking, and the benefits and aids to quitting, but the website feels like an anti-tobacco company campaign rather than a website promoting the benefits of stopping smoking. The website did not seem objective, as it presented its information and statistics in a more judgemental and bi ased manner. The contents of this website whilst containing information on ceasing smoking and the benefits of ceasing smoking appeared mainly political with a motive of banning the sale of tobacco. I feel that this website had a totally negative approach to dissuading smokers, and more of a dictatorial outlook. In further comparison the Nicorette.co.uk appeared factual in as much as it offered similar statistics as the NHS website but in a much simpler format. The information was easy to read, but it was aimed only at the general smoking public. Although it gives you the possible health benefits, and the costs of smoking which are in agreement with the NHS website, it is clearly a commercial website, promoting its own nicotine replacement therapies, although they do state on all their web pages, that stopping smoking â€Å"does require willpower†, which would infer that the products advertised are only an aid and not a cure. Unlike (ASH) the content of the website does not c riticise smokers or the tobacco companies, however as a commercial entity, it would not be in their commercial interest if tobacco was banned which may show an unspoken bias in favour of tobacco. Currency: The website appears to be up to date as it was set up at the start of the NHS â€Å"smokefree† campaign in 2007, although no specific update information available. All of the links were working and appeared to be updated regularly, as there was information on all current campaigns for February 2009 (Kapoun 1998). A current campaign dated 2nd February 2009 is designed to make the consequences of smoking during pregnancy more personal by explaining how smoking deprives the baby of oxygen and causes the babies heart to beat faster (DOH 2008). Coverage: The website appears to be almost completely self contained with very few external links (Kapoun 1998). The whole document appears to be very well balanced with images, videos text and graphics. For example, several television celebrities after being given advice and support from local NHS stop smoking advisers have recorded video diaries of their personal experiences of stopping smoking, which are available to view online, or you can also order a DVD free of charge. There is no special software requirements needed to view the information on the website, no browser recommendations are given, nor are there any fees payable to use the website, plus all downloads and promotional material is free (Kapoun 1998). There are accessibility options of large text for people who are visually impaired. The information on the website is mainly in the public domain, meaning there is no copyright, and no citations are shown. Conclusion: First impressions of the website were very positive and this carried on through as I read the material and followed the links. The website is well presented and all the links worked, the website was easy to use, interesting and catchy. There is a wealth of information on the effects of smoking, social effects (stains your teeth and clothes smell), the effects on other peoples health (second hand smoke), the financial costs (to the smoker) and not least the huge negative effects on the smoker’s health. The website equally promoted the enormous benefits to be gained by stopping smoking, even after many years of smoking. All information downloads, and promotional material is free. There are telephones lines for help and advice; addresses for regional centres were also available. I thought the website would be of great assistance to many people who genuinely wanted to quit smoking, the support and advice offered was very comprehensive, and also had facilities for health care profe ssionals, service providers and employers on how to refer smokers to NHS services, support smokers in stopping, and plan the delivery of smoking cessation services (NICE 2008). The website policy and privacy guidelines were difficult to find via the page links, but they could be found easily by using the search facility, if you could find the correct keywords. In my opinion the information was accurate, reliable, and the source, Department of Health (DOH), which is a Government Ministry, is trustworthy. On writing this assignment I have improved my knowledge and understanding regarding website evaluation. As a student nurse, and to offer evidence based health promotional information to patients, I realise how important it is to research the information, making sure it is current, checking how often it is updated, how reliable the information is, does it come from a credible source, can the reader trust the information (Kapoun 1998). I will take with me into future practice the knowledge that, before I provide any information to patients, it has been critically evaluated, in order for them to make informed choices regarding their health care. Reference List. ASH (2007) Essential information on stopping Smoking. [Online]. Available at http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_116.pdf [Accessed on 11th March 2009]. Department of Health (DOH) (2007) [online]. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprovement/Tobacco/index.htm [Accessed on 28th February 2009]. Department of Health (DOH) (2008) [Online]. Available at http://smokefree.nhs.uk/smoking-and-pregnancy/ [Accessed on 28th February 2009]. Kapoun, J. (1998) Teaching Undergraduates WEB Evaluation. College and Research Libraries News. July/August 1998. p 522-523. Nice (2006) Brief Interventions and Referral for Smoking Cessation in Primary Care and other Settings. [Online]. Available at http://www.gpiag.org/news/smokingcessation/nice_smoking_interventions_quick_reference.pdf [Accessed on 28th February 2009]. Nice (2008) Smoking Cessation Services. [Online]. Available at http://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/PH10 [Accessed on 28th February 2009]. Nicorette (2009). Stop Smoking Now. [Online]. Available at www.nicorette.co.uk [Accessed on 10 March 2009]. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code. London: NMC. The National Health Service (NHS) (2007) â€Å"Go Smokefree†. [Online]. Available at www.smokefree.nhs.uk [Accessed on 27th February 2009].

A Case Study of Domino’s Pizza’s Crisis Communication Strategies Essay

If a company experiences a huge crisis, there is no shortcut: the companies will definitely suffer and without elaborate strategies, and the company might never be the same again. The point of debate holds that instead of responding to a crisis as a defeat, the company should recognize the fact that it is another opportunity window and find the best approach out of the crisis, essentially, with its brand image and reputation intact. In reference to Weiss (2009), possessing knowledge of communicating with the company stakeholders could produce major significance for a corporation during crisis irrespective of the severity of the situation. The organizations managing crisis may disregard the power of social media culture that is always very influential. Social media can be addressed both outside and within the organization. Bell, (2010) refers to media culture as crossing boundaries. Therefore, the plans for crisis communication should account for the variables of social media culture. The inclined era of globalization, the world is becoming more connected, and organizations venture into new environments. The hotly contested topic of communication crisis is naturally cross-social media culture and requires attention as part of organizational growth and development.Social media are currently bridging a major headache to the corporate world since it has proved the ability of showing and spreading news. In the previous years, the elite journalist could assist in breaking bad news. However, currently anyone can break bad news and spread it in the social media. From the corporate point of view, the decisions of generating bad news form the company instantly signifies crisis that leads to the negative impact on brand, sales, and word of advertisements. Globalization has resulted into the era of social media. Previously, companies would respond to bad news by releasing public apologies or position statements using the traditional media within a period of few days. This is no longer the case today. The public is constantly scrutinizing the corporate world and expects the company to release prompt apology within the shortest time possible directly using the social media. This has led to a great interest from the companies to establish the manner in which bad news speedily spreads in the social media. Their major concerns are establishing the feeling of the public and propaganda that influences the public sentiments. The efforts of public relations convey the values, perspectives and norms of organizations that function together to unify the organization (Bell, 2010). A crisis can occur anytime anywhere. It may incorporate complications within any number of cultures or involve conflicts within a single culture. Bell further indicates that perceptions can get swayed with sound organization insight and adequate planning. The organization should adopt a plan that addresses current and future issues, however, in some circumstances, such plans can prove to be an invaluable tool in times of crisis in the organization. The global practitioners of public relations must offer their collaboration strategies with stakeholders to assist in pooling ideas, resources, and strategies together that gets dispersed in dissimilar ways worldwide. This proposal case study investigates the strategies on one of the first companies to experience a global serious brand reputation due to spread of bad new in the social med ia. Particularly, this research proposal investigates Domino’s Pizza’s crisis management strategies. The proposal analyzes previous studies as a source of secondary data to that would offer a comparison with this study. Background of the Study/ Domino’s Pizza’s Communication Strategy                  As of 1997, Domino’s Pizza was the largest company delivering pizza in the world. Besides, it was the world’s second-largest pizza chain. The company had 4, 431 delivery stores for pizza in the United States. Additionally, the company had more than 1, 521 units in 59 foreign investments by the end of 1997(Peeples & Vaughn, 2010). The sales of the company were worth $3.16 billion providing it with the place as 200th largest private company on the Forbes private list of 500 companies. The company sells multiple products including pan, deep-dish and thin crust pizzas. Despite the excellent international recognition and robust wealth, the company experienced a crisis that made it a historic area of studies within the public relations and communication Domino’s. The crisis of Domino’s pizza began when two company employees produced and uploaded a vulgar video in YouTube in 2009. The video shown the two employees engaging in a number of health law violations, particularly, blowing mucous on sandwich, putting cheese on the nose, and putting a sponge that is meant to wash dishes between the buttocks. Within limited time, the video popularized and gained viral publicity with more than half a million views and the major news media covering the event (Peeples & Vaughn, 2010). It followed that the public joined the discourse and started discussing the video via social media.Weiss, (2009) reports that most of the video discussions took place on Twitter, and investigative research accounts that nearly 15, 000 subscribers of Twitter provided their opinion on the event. The company responded by sharing an apology on Twitter by sharing the chief executive officer apology on YouTube. The response from Dominos was too late, approximately 48 hours after the event, according to (Aula, 2011). The video got posted on a Monday night, and the company responded on Wednesday. Despite the quick efforts from the internal teamwork to form a strategy on Tuesday, the initial intentions of the company were trying not to, because it wanted to restrict further public knowledge on the video. The company failed to issue formal press release to the mainstream press and went against the idea of hiring the external crisis management experts to solve the crisis creatively. However, investigations show that it opened a twitter account to tackle the inquiries from the consumers. Thereafter, the company reached a decision to issue a YouTube apology to quell the already intensified public relations nightmare that was played in t multiple media mainstreams. The crisis caused dire consequences for the company. A study however reveals that crisis communication researchers have not validated such case studies using a systematic analysis on public sentiments on social media (HCD Research, 2009). Literature Review/ Previous Research                  This section presents the research done on the effects of crisis management case studies. The section provides an empirical review of both academic and scholarly data obtained from previous studies. The scholarly work presented in this chapter will provide the basis for analysis that will ultimately assist in answering the research question. The main literature reviews the previous works on strategies of crisis management case study, particularly the case of Domino’s Pizza crisis management. The review adopts a communication and mass media approach to providing analysis of effectiveness public relations in the same context. The literature analysis uses theory us and sub-theories to increase the understanding of the social media industry the proposal will investigate and provide and comprehend a holistic picture of the phenomena.Schiller, (2007) reports on the research on communication crisis literature base on the mechanisms that should be employed by the organizations to manage the crisis and based on the four requirements adopted through research validations. According to the study, the four requirements of crisis response management highlights that the company should be quick to respond in the shortest time possible, be accurate and provide an empirical analysis of the facts with absolute care. Additionally, response to a communication crisis requires companies to avoid saying no comments and be consistent and avoid statement contradictions to the company stakeholders. As outlined by Coombs (2008), the content research put emphasis on more resolves and strategy around the crisis messages that should be communicated to the shareholders. Research on crisis communication has previously focused on managing the reactions of the stakeholders to a crisis. The scholars have put more concentration on the actions and words used to respond to a crisis. Particularly, the researchers have broken the strategies into three categories. Th ese are instructing information, reputation repair and adjusting information.Coombs, (2008) asserts that instructing information provides informational power to the shareholders the degree of physical preparation in the event a crisis emerges. Particularly, this means the application of warning signals that is usually coupled with instructions. Adjusting the information significantly helps the industry stakeholders to develop a coping psychological strategy with the crisis. The repair of reputation entails all the measures put by the organization to repair or protect the perception of the stakeholders towards the organization. The recent strategy by Dominos Pizza to market itself with sole intentions of improving is empirical for this proposal in terms of repair of reputation. According to Schiller (2007), the organization admitted that they had manufactured an inferior product but offered assurance on quality improvement. This is an attempt by the organization to repair the reputat ion. Researchers agree that the core factors intertwined in an organizational crisis including urgency, unpredictability, significant threats. The researchers further assert that the public is often unwilling to engage in social media discussions when an event is unexpected or important. The immediate principle of communication crisis management is to tell the truth. The company should face the public and provide the real issue behind the crisis. In the situations of crisis, social constructions and multiple truths of events simultaneously seek public attention. The company, customers and the employees and the media are the key stakeholders for crisis management. Claeys and Cauberghe, (2012) references that the case of Domino Pizza in particular had watchdog organizations such as Consumerist.com and GoodAsYou.org that were constructing the event versions. As established the research article, the truth that Tim McIntyre, the company communication vice president intended to convey was that the event was stage managed and it was a rogue act of two employees who though they were creating fun and that they did not present the brand of Domino Pizza. Likewise, they outlined that the two employees were not the representative of the 10, 000 individuals that tirelessly work fo r the company across the globe (Aula, 2011). Furthermore, the study reveals that the truth that Patrick Doyle had intentions of articulating was that the company did not do the act and that they were sorry for the rogue event. Therefore, the company moved forward to restore their reputation as an attempt to respond to the crisis. A research that studied the case of Domino Pizza identified two types of tweets contents. Likewise, Young and Flowers (2012) write that they were fact and opinions. The tweets on facts had no sentiments, however, just stated the event. The category incorporated more links without any text, simple link introductions or links with the same headline of the website linked. On the other hand, the opinion category had tweets that were either positive or negative sentiments. But, based on the incident the nature, most of the tweets were negative. Therefore, the company adopted an apology strategy to solve the crisis. Discussions from the research outline that the officials’ corporate apology dropped the level of negative sentiments from 82.8 percent to 54.6 percent. Still, the level of positive sentiments increased mysteriously from 06 percent to 5.5 percent. Claeys and Cauberghe, (2012) reinforces that crisis communication management practice in situations where companies provides p ublic apology, they do not develop high or sudden increase of praise. Rather, they expect the negative sentiments from the public to become more rational because of the apology and calm down sequentially. The analysis of Domino Pizza confirms the expectations. Peeples and Vaughn, (2010) adds that the number of factual tweets significantly inclined from 16.7 percent to 39.9 percent. Therefore, the case of Domino Pizza public apology calmed and reduced the amount of negative opinions and increased positive and facts in the Twitter conversations. A study by Coombs, (2008) concludes that the best and the only approach to reduce the social media impact on the crisis are to integrate the social media into the crisis communication strategies and provide a dialogue monitoring on the social media. Claeys et.al (2012) harmonizes the fact that the brads that have the best public perception will be the one that will apply the online tools as their potential customers. Likewise, Young and Flowers (2012) evaluated and concluded that the effective leverage of the social media by Dominos was identical to the style used by the pranksters. That is, to transparently communicate the efforts of the company to solve the crisis. Finally, the company emerged from the viral media criticizes and still knowledgeable on the real face of crisis communication strategies in the practical age of social media. Peeples et.al (2010) asserts that the incident of Domino Pizza was a practical implication for crisis managers in the globalized business world. He puts that once a company experiences a crisis of bad news to the social media; they should respond with a quick reaction, apology and admit the mistakes appropriately. A study by Coombs, (2008) confirmed the positive effects of corporate apologies to the public in social media, YouTube and Twitter both in Korea and the U.S. secondly, the companies should engage in conversations with the social media during the official times and not just after a crisis hits the company. Lastly, based on the speed at which social media news spread, the company should be ready to respond within hours after the event, rather than within days. Research Questions                  By conducting an empirical analysis to the sentiments of the public in social media based on the crisis of Domino Pizza, the study will attempt to answer the following questions:1. How does the structure of the network determine the effectiveness of communication crisis solution strategy? 2. How can the company strategize to reduce the negative sentiments and increase positive sentiments of social media? 3. What are the temporal and spatial characteristics of diffusion influences strategic solutions of communication crisis in the corporate bad news? Methodology                  This chapter provides a description of scope and methodology of this proposal. This chapter examines the scope of the research proposal and builds understanding of the research source of primary data and why the data will be adopted for the study. Likewise, the chapter will provide information of the sample data and method of collecting the data for the research study. The proposal methodology provides empirical explanations on how and why the study will employ a quantitative survey to answer the research questions. Furthermore, the methodology explanations provide a systemic approach to analysis of findings, conclusion and the implication sections that will be presented in the final stage of the research. The scope of the study focuses on strategies for managing communication crisis with reference to the strategies employed by Domino Pizza. The goal will be based on the strategies that were used by the company to solve the communication crisis on the bas is of social media.The research will conduct a sample survey of various primary sources of information fro the analysis. First, the research will use online survey on the company website and corporate reports to establish the primary data. It is essential to note that online survey of data collection will be instrumental for the research provided the time and financial constraints attached to the study/. This proposal provides that the company website will provide primary data that would be reputable and enhance empirical analysis. Corporate reports on the strategies used by the company to manage the crisis will also provide primary information that will be significant for cross analysis. To establish the validity of the data collected, this section will provide data for cross comparison with the previous research that has been conducted in the same topic.Furthermore, this proposal will use live interviews from the professionals and officials from the company to provide primary data for analysis. Corbin and Strauss, (1998) explains that live interviews and phone interviews are a technology facilitated method of collecting data for analysis. It is based on the premise that recorded live interviews from the company officials, and professionals such as crisis managers that reacted to the incident through an interview in the social media cannot be distorted. This is a cheap method of collecting primary data using the technological advantages. The professional and company official interview records are present and easily accessible within the website of the company and other websites of the social media archives. Close examination of the URLs that the public used to post their comments and the company used to engage the customers will also be audited. The approach of auditing the URLs used by the company and its stakeholders will provide the direct reaction from the company that will primarily constitute the raw data for the analysis. Auditing to the URL postings w ill also provide statistical information of the percentages of the tweets, both positive and negative that came from the public. Likewise, statistical information will be computed based on the finding of the nature of public reaction after the response from the company and before the response from company officials. This will show the effectiveness or the ineffectiveness of the approach the company developed to restore their reputation and brand (Corbin and Strauss, 1998). Finally, the primary data that will be collected will provide evidential information on the strategies employed by Domino Pizza in curbing the communication crisis. References Aula, P. (2011). Meshworked reputation: Publicists’ views on the reputational impacts of online communication. Public Relations Review, 37, 28-36. Bell, L. M. (2010). Crisis communication: The praxis of response. The Review of Communication, 10(2), 142-155. Claeys, A., & Cauberghe, V. (2012). Crisis response and crisis timing strategies, two sides of the same coin. Public Relations Review, 38, 83-88. Coombs, W. T. (2008, April 2). Crisis communication and social media. Institute for Public Relations. Retrieved December 31, 2012, from http://www.instituteforpr.org/topics/crisis-communication-and-social-media/ Coombs, W.T. (2008). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research‟, 3Ed, Sage Publications, Inc.HCD Research .(2009). Domino’s Brand Takes a Hit after YouTubeâ€Å"Prank† Video.http://tinyurl.com/d4e47h Peeples, A. & Vaughn, C. (2010). Domino’s â€Å"special† delivery: Going viral through social media (Parts A & B). Arthur W. Page Society case study competition in corporate communications. Retrieved December 31, 2012, from http://www.awpagesociety.com/insights/winning-case-studies/2010 Schiller, M. (2007, March 5). Crisis and the web: How to leverage the Internet when a brand takes a hit. Adweek, 48(10), 16.Weiss, T. (2009, April 22). Crisis management—Domino’s case study research. Trendsspotting Blog. Retrieved December 31, 2012, from http://www.trendsspotting.com/blog/?p=1061 Young, C. l., & Flowers, A. (2012). Fight viral with viral: A Case Study of Domino’s Pizza’s Crisis Communication Strategies. Case studies in strategic communication, 1, article 6. Source document